---
title: Raw D1 Database query
---

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[D1](https://developers.cloudflare.com/api/python/resources/d1)

[Database](https://developers.cloudflare.com/api/python/resources/d1/subresources/database)

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# Raw D1 Database query

d1.database.raw(strdatabase\_id, DatabaseRawParams\*\*kwargs) -> SyncSinglePage\[[DatabaseRawResponse](<https://developers.cloudflare.com/api/python/resources/d1#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)>)]

POST/accounts/{account\_id}/d1/database/{database\_id}/raw

Execute a SQL query against a D1 database and return result rows as arrays rather than objects. This is a performance-optimized version of the /query endpoint.

##### Security

<details>

<summary>API Token</summary>



The preferred authorization scheme for interacting with the Cloudflare API. <a href="https://developers.cloudflare.com/fundamentals/api/get-started/create-token/">Create a token</a>.

**Example:**<code>Authorization: Bearer Sn3lZJTBX6kkg7OdcBUAxOO963GEIyGQqnFTOFYY</code>

</details>

<details>

<summary>API Email + API Key</summary>



The previous authorization scheme for interacting with the Cloudflare API, used in conjunction with a Global API key.

**Example:**<code>X-Auth-Email: user@example.com</code>

The previous authorization scheme for interacting with the Cloudflare API. When possible, use API tokens instead of Global API keys.

**Example:**<code>X-Auth-Key: 144c9defac04969c7bfad8efaa8ea194</code>

</details>

##### Accepted Permissions (at least one required)

`D1 Read``D1 Write`

##### ParametersExpand Collapse

account\_id: str

Account identifier tag.

maxLength32

[Link to this property](<#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(method)%20raw%20%3E%20(params)%200%20%3E%20(param)%20account_id%20%3E%20(schema)>)

database\_id: str

D1 database identifier (UUID).

[Link to this property](<#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(method)%20raw%20%3E%20(params)%200%20%3E%20(param)%20database_id%20%3E%20(schema)>)

sql: str

Your SQL query. Supports multiple statements, joined by semicolons, which will be executed as a batch.

[Link to this property](<#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(method)%20raw%20%3E%20(params)%200%20%3E%20(param)%20sql%20%3E%20(schema)>)

params: Optional\[Sequence\[str]]

[Link to this property](<#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(method)%20raw%20%3E%20(params)%200%20%3E%20(param)%20params%20%3E%20(schema)>)

##### ReturnsExpand Collapse

<details>

<summary>

class DatabaseRawResponse: …

</summary>

<details>

<summary>

meta: Optional\[Meta]

</summary>

changed\_db: Optional\[bool]

Denotes if the database has been altered in some way, like deleting rows.

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20meta%20%3E%20(property)%20changed_db">Link to this property</a>

changes: Optional\[float]

Rough indication of how many rows were modified by the query, as provided by SQLite’s <code>sqlite3_total_changes()</code>.

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20meta%20%3E%20(property)%20changes">Link to this property</a>

duration: Optional\[float]

The duration of the SQL query execution inside the database. Does not include any network communication.

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20meta%20%3E%20(property)%20duration">Link to this property</a>

last\_row\_id: Optional\[float]

The row ID of the last inserted row in a table with an <code>INTEGER PRIMARY KEY</code> as provided by SQLite. Tables created with <code>WITHOUT ROWID</code> do not populate this.

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20meta%20%3E%20(property)%20last_row_id">Link to this property</a>

rows\_read: Optional\[float]

Number of rows read during the SQL query execution, including indices (not all rows are necessarily returned).

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20meta%20%3E%20(property)%20rows_read">Link to this property</a>

rows\_written: Optional\[float]

Number of rows written during the SQL query execution, including indices.

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20meta%20%3E%20(property)%20rows_written">Link to this property</a>

served\_by\_colo: Optional\[str]

The three letters airport code of the colo that handled the query.

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20meta%20%3E%20(property)%20served_by_colo">Link to this property</a>

served\_by\_primary: Optional\[bool]

Denotes if the query has been handled by the database primary instance.

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20meta%20%3E%20(property)%20served_by_primary">Link to this property</a>

<details>

<summary>

served\_by\_region: Optional\[Literal\["WNAM", "ENAM", "WEUR", 3 more]]

Region location hint of the database instance that handled the query.

</summary>

One of the following:

"WNAM"

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20meta%20%3E%20(property)%20served_by_region%20%3E%20(member)%200">Link to this property</a>

"ENAM"

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20meta%20%3E%20(property)%20served_by_region%20%3E%20(member)%201">Link to this property</a>

"WEUR"

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20meta%20%3E%20(property)%20served_by_region%20%3E%20(member)%202">Link to this property</a>

"EEUR"

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20meta%20%3E%20(property)%20served_by_region%20%3E%20(member)%203">Link to this property</a>

"APAC"

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20meta%20%3E%20(property)%20served_by_region%20%3E%20(member)%204">Link to this property</a>

"OC"

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20meta%20%3E%20(property)%20served_by_region%20%3E%20(member)%205">Link to this property</a>

</details>

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20meta%20%3E%20(property)%20served_by_region">Link to this property</a>

size\_after: Optional\[float]

Size of the database after the query committed, in bytes.

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20meta%20%3E%20(property)%20size_after">Link to this property</a>

<details>

<summary>

timings: Optional\[MetaTimings]

Various durations for the query.

</summary>

sql\_duration\_ms: Optional\[float]

The duration of the SQL query execution inside the database. Does not include any network communication.

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20meta%20%3E%20(property)%20timings%20%3E%20(property)%20sql_duration_ms">Link to this property</a>

</details>

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20meta%20%3E%20(property)%20timings">Link to this property</a>

</details>

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20meta">Link to this property</a>

<details>

<summary>

results: Optional\[Results]

</summary>

columns: Optional\[List\[str]]

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20results%20%3E%20(property)%20columns">Link to this property</a>

<details>

<summary>

rows: Optional\[List\[List\[Union\[float, str, object]]]]

</summary>

One of the following:

float

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20results%20%3E%20(property)%20rows%20%3E%20(items)%20%3E%20(items)%20%3E%20(variant)%200">Link to this property</a>

str

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20results%20%3E%20(property)%20rows%20%3E%20(items)%20%3E%20(items)%20%3E%20(variant)%201">Link to this property</a>

object

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20results%20%3E%20(property)%20rows%20%3E%20(items)%20%3E%20(items)%20%3E%20(variant)%202">Link to this property</a>

</details>

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20results%20%3E%20(property)%20rows">Link to this property</a>

</details>

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20results">Link to this property</a>

success: Optional\[bool]

<a href="#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)%20%3E%20(property)%20success">Link to this property</a>

</details>

[Link to this property](<#(resource)%20d1.database%20%3E%20(model)%20database_raw_response%20%3E%20(schema)>)

### Raw D1 Database query

Python

HTTPTypeScriptPythonGoTerraform

```
import os
from cloudflare import Cloudflare

client = Cloudflare(
    api_token=os.environ.get("CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN"),  # This is the default and can be omitted
)
page = client.d1.database.raw(
    database_id="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",
    account_id="023e105f4ecef8ad9ca31a8372d0c353",
    sql="SELECT * FROM myTable WHERE field = ? OR field = ?;",
)
page = page.result[0]
print(page.meta)
```

200 example

```
{
  "errors": [
    {
      "code": 1000,
      "message": "message",
      "documentation_url": "documentation_url",
      "source": {
        "pointer": "pointer"
      }
    }
  ],
  "messages": [
    {
      "code": 1000,
      "message": "message",
      "documentation_url": "documentation_url",
      "source": {
        "pointer": "pointer"
      }
    }
  ],
  "result": [
    {
      "meta": {
        "changed_db": true,
        "changes": 0,
        "duration": 0,
        "last_row_id": 0,
        "rows_read": 0,
        "rows_written": 0,
        "served_by_colo": "LHR",
        "served_by_primary": true,
        "served_by_region": "EEUR",
        "size_after": 0,
        "timings": {
          "sql_duration_ms": 0
        }
      },
      "results": {
        "columns": [
          "string"
        ],
        "rows": [
          [
            0
          ]
        ]
      },
      "success": true
    }
  ],
  "success": true
}
```

##### Returns Examples

200 example

```
{
  "errors": [
    {
      "code": 1000,
      "message": "message",
      "documentation_url": "documentation_url",
      "source": {
        "pointer": "pointer"
      }
    }
  ],
  "messages": [
    {
      "code": 1000,
      "message": "message",
      "documentation_url": "documentation_url",
      "source": {
        "pointer": "pointer"
      }
    }
  ],
  "result": [
    {
      "meta": {
        "changed_db": true,
        "changes": 0,
        "duration": 0,
        "last_row_id": 0,
        "rows_read": 0,
        "rows_written": 0,
        "served_by_colo": "LHR",
        "served_by_primary": true,
        "served_by_region": "EEUR",
        "size_after": 0,
        "timings": {
          "sql_duration_ms": 0
        }
      },
      "results": {
        "columns": [
          "string"
        ],
        "rows": [
          [
            0
          ]
        ]
      },
      "success": true
    }
  ],
  "success": true
}
```