--- title: Math functions description: Scalar functions for mathematical operations image: https://developers.cloudflare.com/dev-products-preview.png --- > Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://developers.cloudflare.com/pipelines/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. [Skip to content](#%5Ftop) # Math functions _Cloudflare Pipelines scalar function implementations are based on [Apache DataFusion ↗](https://arrow.apache.org/datafusion/) (via [Arroyo ↗](https://www.arroyo.dev/)) and these docs are derived from the DataFusion function reference._ ## `abs` Returns the absolute value of a number. ``` abs(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `acos` Returns the arc cosine or inverse cosine of a number. ``` acos(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `acosh` Returns the area hyperbolic cosine or inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number. ``` acosh(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `asin` Returns the arc sine or inverse sine of a number. ``` asin(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `asinh` Returns the area hyperbolic sine or inverse hyperbolic sine of a number. ``` asinh(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `atan` Returns the arc tangent or inverse tangent of a number. ``` atan(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `atanh` Returns the area hyperbolic tangent or inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number. ``` atanh(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `atan2` Returns the arc tangent or inverse tangent of `expression_y / expression_x`. ``` atan2(expression_y, expression_x) ``` **Arguments** * **expression\_y**: First numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. * **expression\_x**: Second numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `cbrt` Returns the cube root of a number. ``` cbrt(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `ceil` Returns the nearest integer greater than or equal to a number. ``` ceil(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `cos` Returns the cosine of a number. ``` cos(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `cosh` Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number. ``` cosh(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `degrees` Converts radians to degrees. ``` degrees(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `exp` Returns the base-e exponential of a number. ``` exp(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to use as the exponent. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `factorial` Factorial. Returns 1 if value is less than 2. ``` factorial(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `floor` Returns the nearest integer less than or equal to a number. ``` floor(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `gcd` Returns the greatest common divisor of `expression_x` and `expression_y`. Returns 0 if both inputs are zero. ``` gcd(expression_x, expression_y) ``` **Arguments** * **expression\_x**: First numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. * **expression\_y**: Second numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `isnan` Returns true if a given number is +NaN or -NaN otherwise returns false. ``` isnan(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `iszero` Returns true if a given number is +0.0 or -0.0 otherwise returns false. ``` iszero(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `lcm` Returns the least common multiple of `expression_x` and `expression_y`. Returns 0 if either input is zero. ``` lcm(expression_x, expression_y) ``` **Arguments** * **expression\_x**: First numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. * **expression\_y**: Second numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `ln` Returns the natural logarithm of a number. ``` ln(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `log` Returns the base-x logarithm of a number. Can either provide a specified base, or if omitted then takes the base-10 of a number. ``` log(base, numeric_expression)log(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **base**: Base numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `log10` Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number. ``` log10(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `log2` Returns the base-2 logarithm of a number. ``` log2(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `nanvl` Returns the first argument if it's not _NaN_. Returns the second argument otherwise. ``` nanvl(expression_x, expression_y) ``` **Arguments** * **expression\_x**: Numeric expression to return if it's not _NaN_. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. * **expression\_y**: Numeric expression to return if the first expression is _NaN_. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `pi` Returns an approximate value of π. ``` pi() ``` ## `power` Returns a base expression raised to the power of an exponent. ``` power(base, exponent) ``` **Arguments** * **base**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. * **exponent**: Exponent numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. **Aliases** * pow ## `pow` _Alias of [power](#power)._ ## `radians` Converts degrees to radians. ``` radians(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `random` Returns a random float value in the range \[0, 1). The random seed is unique to each row. ``` random() ``` ## `round` Rounds a number to the nearest integer. ``` round(numeric_expression[, decimal_places]) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. * **decimal\_places**: Optional. The number of decimal places to round to. Defaults to 0. ## `signum` Returns the sign of a number. Negative numbers return `-1`. Zero and positive numbers return `1`. ``` signum(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `sin` Returns the sine of a number. ``` sin(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `sinh` Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number. ``` sinh(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `sqrt` Returns the square root of a number. ``` sqrt(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `tan` Returns the tangent of a number. ``` tan(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `tanh` Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number. ``` tanh(numeric_expression) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. ## `trunc` Truncates a number to a whole number or truncated to the specified decimal places. ``` trunc(numeric_expression[, decimal_places]) ``` **Arguments** * **numeric\_expression**: Numeric expression to operate on. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators. * **decimal\_places**: Optional. The number of decimal places to truncate to. Defaults to 0 (truncate to a whole number). If `decimal_places` is a positive integer, truncates digits to the right of the decimal point. If `decimal_places` is a negative integer, replaces digits to the left of the decimal point with `0`. ```json {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"TechArticle","@id":"https://developers.cloudflare.com/pipelines/sql-reference/scalar-functions/math/#page","headline":"Math functions · Cloudflare Pipelines Docs","description":"Scalar functions for mathematical operations","url":"https://developers.cloudflare.com/pipelines/sql-reference/scalar-functions/math/","inLanguage":"en","image":"https://developers.cloudflare.com/dev-products-preview.png","dateModified":"2026-04-21","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Cloudflare","url":"https://www.cloudflare.com/"},"isPartOf":{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://developers.cloudflare.com/#website","name":"Cloudflare Docs","url":"https://developers.cloudflare.com/"}} {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"/directory/","name":"Directory"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"/pipelines/","name":"Pipelines"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":{"@id":"/pipelines/sql-reference/","name":"SQL reference"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"item":{"@id":"/pipelines/sql-reference/scalar-functions/","name":"Scalar functions"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":5,"item":{"@id":"/pipelines/sql-reference/scalar-functions/math/","name":"Math functions"}}]} ```